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Introduction to Sociology

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

• Social sciences
  • Anthropology
  • Economics
  • Political Science
  • Psychology
  • Sociology
• Auguste Comte
  • Positivism
• Herbert Spencer
  • Social Darwinism
• Karl Marx
  • Class conflict
• Emile Durkheim
  • Division of labor
  • Suicide
• Max Weber
  • Protestant Ethic
  • Verstehen
• Harriet Martineau
• Jane Addams
• W. E. B. Du Bois
• Talcott Parsons
• Robert Merton
• C. Wright Mills
  • Sociological imagination
• Symbolic interactionism
• Structural functionalism
• Conflict theory

Chapter 2: The Sociological Research Process

• Scientific method
• Quantitative research
• Qualitative research
• Deductive reasoning
• Inductive reasoning
• Survey research
• Sampling
• Questionnaires
• Participant observation
• Experiments
  • Independent variables
  • Dependent variables
• Hawthorne effect

Chapter 3: Culture

• Culture
• Acculturation
• Material culture
• Cultural relativism
• Cultural diversity
• Ethnocentrism
• Values
• Norms
• Folkways
• Mores
• Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
• Subculture
• Counterculture
• Cultural imperialism
• Culture shock
• Cultural lag
• Cultural diffusion
• Sociobiology

Chapter 4: Socialization

• Socialization
• Self-concept
• Resocialization
• Feral children
• Charles Horton Cooley (looking-glass self)
• George Herbert Mead (taking the role of the other)
• Jean Piaget
• Sigmund Freud
• Lawrence Kohlberg (Moral development)
• Erik Erikson (Eight stages of development)
• Peer groups
• Childhood
• Adolescence
• Adulthood
• Old age

Chapter 5: Social Structure and Interaction

• Macrosociology
• Microsociology
• Mechanical solidarity
• Organic solidarity
• Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
• Social structure
• Social interaction
• Social status
• Ascribed status
• Achieved status
• Status symbol
• Master status
• Social roles
• Social institutions
• Erving Goffman
  • Dramaturgical perspective
• Ethnomethodology
• Nonverbal communication
• Personal space

Chapter 6: Groups and Organizations

• Social group
• Primary group
• Secondary group
• Ingroup
• Outgroup
• Focus group
• Groupthink
• Voluntary association
• Formal organization
• Scientific management
• McDonaldization
• Bureaucracy
• Oligarchy

Chapter 7: Deviance, Crime and Social Control

• Deviance
• Deviant behavior
• Primary deviance
• Secondary deviance
• Social control
• Milgram experiment
• Differential association theory
• Labeling theory
• Social stigma
• Recidivism
• Criminal justice
• Victimless crime
• White collar crime
• Corporate crime
• Organized crime
• Hate crimes

Chapter 8: Stratification

• Social stratification
• Social class
• Upper class
• Middle class
• Working class
• Poverty
• Meritocracy
• Status inconsistency
• Distribution of wealth
• Power
• Social mobility
• Homelessness
• Culture of poverty
• Welfare reform
• Deferred gratification

• Castes
• Means of production
• Colonialism
• Neocolonialism
• Developing countries
• Developed countries
• World Systems theory
• Dependency theory
• Modernization theory
• Multinational corporations
• Maquiladoras
• Slavery

Chapter 9: Race and Ethnicity

• Race
• Ethnicity
• Minority groups
• Prejudice
• Discrimination
• Racism
• Genocide
• Social distance
• Racial segregation
• Cultural assimilation
• WASPs (white Anglo-Saxon Protestants)
• Latinos
• African Americans
• Asian Americans
• Native Americans
• U.S. Immigration
• Affirmative action
• Multiculturalism

Chapter 10: Sex and Gender

• Gender
• Gender identity
• Gender role
• Nature versus nurture
• Feminism
• Glass ceiling
• Sexual norms
• Sexual orientation
• Sexual discrimination
• Sexual harassment
• Sexism
• Pay equity
• Gay rights
• Pornography
• Prostitution
• Rape
• Abortion

Chapter 11: The Family

• Family
• Kinship
• Marriage
• Polygyny
• Polyandry
• Household
• Nuclear family
• Extended family
• Adoption
• Teenage pregnancy
• Incest taboo
• Patriarchy
• Matriarchy
• Courtship
• Romantic love
• Divorce
• Single-parent families
• Stepfamilies
• Cohabitation
• Spouse abuse
• Child abuse
• Elder abuse

Chapter 12: Education and Religion

• Literacy
• Tracking
• Home schooling
• Hidden curriculum
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Distance education
• SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test)
• Grade inflation
• Social promotion
• School vouchers
• School choice
• Charter schools
• School violence

• Sociology of religion
• Sacred
• Rituals
• Beliefs
• Civil religion
• State religion
• Monotheism
• Polytheism
• Animism
• Fundamentalism
• Cults
• Sects
• Denominations
• Evangelism
• Secularization
• Liberation theology

Chapter 13: Politics and the Economy

• Authority
• Traditional authority
• Rational-legal authority
• Charismatic authority
• Government
• Monarchies
• Democracies
• Dictatorships
• Political systems
• Political parties
• Elections
• Lobbyists
• Political action committees
• Power elite

• Agrarian societies
• Industrial societies
• Industrial Revolution
• Postindustrial societies
• Economic systems
• Capitalism
• Socialism
• Communism
• Unemployment rate
• Underground economy
• Globalization
• Global economy

Chapter 14: Health and the Environment

• Medicalization
• Life expectancy
• Ageism
• Euthanasia
• Managed care
• Health Maintenance Organizations
• Diagnosis-Related Groups
• HIV/AIDS
• Obesity
• Alcoholism
• Smoking
• Alternative medicine
• Holistic medicine

• Environmental sociology
• Sustainable development
• Corporate welfare
• Acid rain
• Air pollution
• Water pollution
• Greenhouse effect
• Global warming
• Biodiversity
• Environmental justice

Chapter 15: Population and Urbanization

• Thomas Malthus
• World population
• Overpopulation
• Demography
• Fertility rate
• Replacement level fertility
• Mortality rate
• Net migration rate
• Rural migration
• Demographic transition
• Population pyramid
• Baby boom

• Urbanization
• Urban areas
• Metropolitan area
• Megalopolis
• Metropolitan Statistical Area
• Edge city
• Gentrification
• Concentric zone theory
• Sector model
• Multiple nuclei model
• Human ecology
• Suburbanization
• Redlining
• Urban renewal

Chapter 16: Collective behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change

• Collective behavior
• Riots
• Rumors
• Panic
• Mass hysteria
• Fads
• Fashion
• Urban legends
• Civil disobedience

• Social movements
• Propaganda
• Relative deprivation

• Modernization
• Cultural evolution
• Cultural lag